Personal Mobility

Safety (and security) is one of many factors influencing the mobility of individuals in urban
environments.  In this context, the concept of safety refers to many aspects such as safety
from physical attacks, safety of people with special needs, or even a psychological sense of
safety.  Mobility refers to all modes including walking.  A real or perceived lack of safety
may impact the urban mobility of individuals and result in behavioral modifications such as
location avoidance, travel mode change, etc.  Current and future information technologies,
many related to developments in ITS, have the potential to positively impact the real and
perceived safety of individuals.  Examples include smartphones, GPS, the Internet, and smart
cards, which enable communication, access to information, localization, monitoring,
authorization, etc.  With the increased use of information technology comes accessible
information for people to use, but about them as well, hence the need to critically assess
technology and address the potential privacy issues of using it to enhance safety and mobility.

Royal Institute of Technology (KTH)

Presented at the ITS America Annual Conference and Exposition, November 16-20, 2008, New York, New York

Road signs evolve as transport does. Such evolution can be traced along the
different Conventions that gave way to the 1968 Convention, aiming to be the world’s road
sign catalogue. Such general background will help us understand better the discrepancy
between first road signs, devised to be posted, and road signs that are currently missing and
should be shown on Variable Message Signs (VMS). Since 2003 the “Small Group on VMS”
has been working in order to update the 1968 Convention contents, particularly those
concerning. The work of the 2003-2006 period was presented in the 13th
World Congress on
ITS (2006). Such paper was practically equal to the final document presented to UNECE
WP.1 in the March 2008 session, and that passed to Consolidated Resolution 2 (R.E.2) finally
in the July 2008 session, after a unique modification that will be described in this paper.

Road Traffic and Safety Institute, University of Valencia, Spain

CERTU

SETRA

RWS-DVS

Federal Ministry of Transport, Building and Urban Affairs, Germany

Presented at the ITS America Annual Conference and Exposition, November 16-20, 2008, New York, New York

Mega cities around the world are suffering from severe traffic congestion resulting in
economic losses via delayed time, fuel consumption, traffic accidents, air pollution and traffic
noise.  
Mitsubishi Heavy Industries, Ltd. (MHI) is responding to the growing momentum for the
introduction of road pricing. MHI developed an urban environment-friendly road pricing
concept called IURP (Integrated Urban Road Pricing), and successfully conducted
demonstration tests. This paper describes following items;
1) Requirement for DSRC based IURP
2) One of IURP solution: System Overview and Technical descriptions
3) Evaluation and Demonstration test
4) Extensibility of Active DSRC based IURP

Mitsubishi Heavy Industries, Ltd.

Presented at the ITS America Annual Conference and Exposition, November 16-20, 2008, New York, New York

This paper presents an approach to model the driver’s behavior during
car-following scenario. The model is designed with Back-Propagation (BP) neural
network to reproduce the host vehicle longitudinal accelerations according to the
states of Time Headway and Time-to-Collision inverse. To obtain high-quality data in
real traffic for the modeling work, experiments were carried out with an instrumented
vehicle test bed and the steady state car- following scenarios were extracted. The data
segments were processed with Kalman filter to eliminate the measurement noise and
estimate the longitudinal acceleration for the network training. The simulations with
different leading vehicle speed inputs are conducted and the results show that the
neural network model is capable of simulating the driver’s car- following behavior and
has the adaptability to normal car- following situation.

Nissan Motor Co., Ltd

State Key Laboratory of Automotive Safety and Energy, Tsinghua University

Presented at the ITS America Annual Conference and Exposition, November 16-20, 2008, New York, New York

This paper is concerned with a study of novel mathematical model of macro-
scopic road network mobility. The approach taken herein is based on the well estab-
lished framework, called cell transmission model (CTM). However, the conventional
CTM (herein called S-CTM) cannot capture the mixed composition of vehicle types
(e.g. truck, car, bus or smaller vehicles), the essence of which is critical to many
applications in practice. CTM is therefore originally generalized into so-called M-
CTM in this paper so as to consider the heterogeneous mobility, i.e. with more than
one class of vehicles. Both S-CTM and M-CTM are compared with the simulated
result in microscopic level from MITSIM software of MIT. The obtained results
suggest that M-CTM is more accurate than S-CTM significantly in uncongested
network with non-stationary vehicle composition without compromising on the
computational complexity. It is therefore expected that the proposed M-CTM would
be well applicable to model large-scale road systems like expressway or highway
systems with heterogenous mixtures of vehicle types.

Chulalongkorn University, Thailand

Presented at the ITS America Annual Conference and Exposition, November 16-20, 2008, New York, New York