Personal Mobility

As the desire for travel becomes even greater, both for business and leisure, so the demands on
the infrastructure will also increase. In many developed countries the transport infrastructure is
already well established with little scope for new construction. Therefore many network
operators are considering how they can work their assets harder and achieve greater throughput
of traffic, whilst ensuring the safety of their customers. This need for extracting additional
capacity, coupled with relieving existing levels of congestion and maintaining a safe network, has
led to the consideration of new and innovative traffic management schemes or operational
regimes. These include dedicating certain lanes to specific types of traffic at different times of the
day to give priority and encourage car sharing (more commonly known as High Occupancy
Vehicles lanes), slow moving vehicles (to keep them in their own lanes and allow other traffic to
pass) and for use as part-time lanes. As these new and invitation schemes become part of today’s
landscape we need to identify and understand the behavioural responses to proposed signalling of part-time lanes.

Mouchel Parkman

Presented at the 12th World Congress on Intelligent Transport Systems, November 6-10, 2005, San Francisco, California

Walking is the most fundamental means of human transportation. Unlike travel by car, human
movement, either on foot or with the aid of a wheelchair, includes vertical movement, using
stairs or elevators, for example. Although there have been amazing developments in car and
outdoor navigation systems, such as EZ-Naviwalk, navigation inside buildings or between tall
buildings is less advanced. We therefore propose a new 3-D positioning system that is driven
primarily by dead reckoning with the support of RFID technology, which can provide realtime
indoor or outdoor position seamlessly. This enables point-to-point ubiquitous navigation
for humans even inside buildings or between tall buildings. In addition, this pedestrian navigation
system can take user’s preferences into account by changing the costs of the road network
link costs in various ways. Altitude differences along the route may be important. For
example, routes having stairs must be avoided by wheelchair-bound users. In addition, timedependent
routing must be considered for indoor navigation. A positioning track accumulation
system is also implemented so that tracks can be stored and their information reflected in
order to incorporate new roads or attributes in the future.

Sophia University

Presented at the 12th World Congress on Intelligent Transport Systems, November 6-10, 2005, San Francisco, California

Dynamic message signs (DMS) are used to communicate accurate, timely, and pertinent
information to travelers on roadways. This information helps travelers avoid hazards or delays
and respond properly to changing roadway conditions. In an ideal environment, the state
transportation departments would be able to allocate DMS to various areas of the state based
upon changing needs. The location of each sign would be monitored, and the message could be
controlled and checked remotely.
Unfortunately, there are problems standing in the way of reaching this ideal situation. The
Kentucky Transportation Cabinet initiated a research project to identify and address these
problems. The research project included collecting an inventory of the DMS in the state,
reviewing policies of other states and organizations, and identifying needs and issues with regard
to management and use of the signs using a focus group session. All this information was used
to develop recommendations for ways to improve the management and use of the DMS.

University of Kentucky

Presented at the ITS America Annual Conference and Exposition, April 29-May 2, 2002, Long Beach, California

Finnish Road Administration (later Finnra) is strongly improving the quality of real-time
traffic information in Finland. Finnra provides real-time traffic data free of charge to its
partners, but it does not participate in the development of actual end user services or value
added services. Finnra’s contribution to development is made through a private-public
partnership (PPP) as a provider of information.
In 2005 Finnra started a project for developing a travel time information system. This system
has been in production since June 2008. It is based on two parts: 1) detection of real-time
travel times, and 2) real-time traffic database called Digitraffic. In the future Digitraffic is the
only interface for real time traffic and road weather data from Finnra to the service providers.

Finnish Road Administration (Finnra), South-Eastern District

Presented at the 15th World Congress on Intelligent Transport Systems, November 16-20, 2008, New York, New York

This paper introduces a probe car system developed and tested for Beijing City in China,
which is based on GPS data of buses running on roads and provides the traffic information to
users. In the traffic information center, the system matches the bus location data on the map of
Beijing, calculates the average running speed and travel time on road links, and distributes the
traffic information to the public via Internet. Based on it, users can search suitable routes for
traveling in the city.

Hitachi (China) Research & Development Corporation, P.R.China

Presented at the 12th World Congress on Intelligent Transport Systems, November 6-10, 2005, San Francisco, California