Sustainability

India imports nearly 70% of its annual crude petroleum requirement, which is around
110 million tons. The price ranges from US$ 120-140 per barrel, and the expenditure
on crude purchase is in the range of Rs.3200 billion per year. The impact on the
country's foreign exchange reserves is in a big way.
The petroleum industry now looks very much committed to the use of ethanol as fuel,
as it is expected to benefit sugarcane farmers as well as the oil industry in the long
run. Ethanol (FUEL ETHANOL) can also be produced from wheat, corn, beet, sweet
sorghum etc. The best tool to fight vehicular pollution is ethanol as it contains 35%
oxygen that helps complete combustion of fuel and thus reduces harmful tailpipe
emissions. It also reduces particulate emissions that pose a health hazard severely
affecting children and the aged. It also reduces Co2 emissions; the highest contributor
to global warming.

Karnataka State Road Transport Corporation

Presented at the 15th World Congress on Intelligent Transport Systems, November 16-20, 2008, New York, New York

While most existing models for predicting fuel consumption utilize vehicle parameters
(i.e. vehicle type, engine type, fuel type, etc.) and environmental parameters (i.e. weather,
terrain, geography etc.) these parameters can rarely be controlled. Recent studies suggest
that driver behavior can also affect fuel consumption. To date, no statistical model
evaluates the link between driving behavior and economic driving. This paper evaluates
the correlation between on-road driving behavior and fuel consumption.
The measurement of driving behavior is taken by an innovative in-vehicle data recorder
(IVDR) system named GreenRoad Safety Center. The system uses acceleration and
speed measurement to extract an overall measure of safe driving. This study compares the
measure of driving behavior taken by GreenRoad to fuel consumption variables.
A significant correlation was found between higher risk driving behavior, as measured by
GreenRoad Safety Center, and fuel consumption variables. The data showed:
· Safe, Green Drivers achieve “MPG” improvements between 7% and 11%;
· Green Drivers average 2 additional miles per gallon versus higher risk Red
Drivers;
· Red Drivers visit fuel stations every 3 days on average compared to 5.1 days
on average for Green Drivers;
There is a strong correlation between driving risk and fuel consumption.

GreenRoad Technologies

Presented at the 15th World Congress on Intelligent Transport Systems, November 16-20, 2008, New York, New York

This paper presents a discussion of how the need for Transport Sustainability might impact
the development of ITS architectures. Both the US National ITS Architecture and the many
regional ITS architectures based upon it, may need to be augmented to account for new or
modified ITS services to address issues raised by Transport Sustainability

Consensus Systems Technologies

Presented at the 15th World Congress on Intelligent Transport Systems, November 16-20, 2008, New York, New York

The amount of a loss due to congestion that occurs on the expressways in Japan is about one
trillion yen a year, that 30 percent originates in the toll gate, and it is calculated that there is
the economic effect of about 300 billion yen a year and the effect of about 20 percent of the
CO2 emissions reduction if congestion around the toll gate is canceled by introducing ETC
(Electronic Toll Collection System).
This paper is an estimate of the effect of the ETC introduction around the toll gate at present
in the current state in which the ETC utilization rate reaches 70% (October, 2007), aiming to
measure the achievement extent to the trial calculation value after reviewing and adding the
theory, the technique, the basic unit, and the use data accuracy, etc.
A basic idea to estimate the ETC introduction effect estimates the economic effect and the
effect of the CO2 emissions reduction due to congestion cancellation by comparing a traffic
situation in the toll gate in 2000 that before ETC is introduced with a present situation.
As a result, there is congestion cancellation convenience in the toll gate on the expressways,
the integrated convenience about 413 billion yen a year and the effect of about 170,000 t-co2/
year, 32% of the CO2 emissions reduction, at the ETC 70% according to ETC spread.

Organization for Road System Enhancement, Japan

Presented at the 15th World Congress on Intelligent Transport Systems, November 16-20, 2008, New York, New York

The paper reports the results of a study where the transport workload of home-help personnel has been analysed. The results show that time spent on transportation together with operational costs for vehicles represent major costs for municipalities and society as a whole. Still the transportation aspect is not emphasised when strategic decisions are made concerning the physical location of the elderly care, or when home-help service activities are planned on a daily basis. This implies that there is a great need for ITS-applications that could be used in order to make the transports more efficient and sustainable. This could be achieved by using the applications for gathering information about transport patterns and time spent on travelling, operational planning of home-help service activities, and navigation support and on-trip traffic information when the personnel perform their journeys.

Transportforskningsgruppen i Borlänge AB

Dept. of Media and Communication Dalarna University

Presented at the 15th World Congress on Intelligent Transport Systems, November 16-20, 2008, New York, New York