Safety

Efficient real-time management and operations of a large-scale evacuation is a very
challenging task due to limited detection coverage, lack of reliable prediction of future traffic
conditions, complexity of integrating all traffic control strategies, and execution speed of
simulating a large traffic network. This paper presents a real-time evacuation and traffic
management system, named as EVA495-3D, for the Capital Beltway (I-495) in Washington,
D. C. area. The goal of this system is to contend with issues and limitations to best assist
traffic operators and engineers during the real-time evacuation operations. The included case
study demonstrates how the nine principal system modules function during a simulated attack
in I-495 area.

University of Maryland

Maryland State Highway Administration

Presented at the 15th World Congress on Intelligent Transport Systems, November 16-20, 2008, New York, New York

A vehicle approach warning system (VAWS) provides the drivers of vehicles approaching a
sharp turn with the information about vehicles approaching the same turn from the opposite
end. This paper describes an IEEE 802.15.4-based hierarchical sensor network model for the
VAWS. In this network model, a tree-structured topology, that can prolong the lifetime of
network, is formed in a self-organizing manner by the topology control protocol. A simple,
but efficient routing protocol transports data packets generated from the sensor nodes to the
base station which then forwards it to a display processor. These protocols are designed as a
network layer extension to the IEEE 802.15.4 PHY/MAC. Simulation results shows that the
proposed joint topology control and routing metric combined with the network model
achieves a high-level performance in terms of both energy efficiency and throughput
simultaneously.

Kwangwoon University

Samsung Thales Co., Ltd.

Presented at the 15th World Congress on Intelligent Transport Systems, November 16-20, 2008, New York, New York

This paper presents the performances of Medium Access Control (MAC) protocols in vehicle
safety communication systems using Inter-Vehicle Communication (IVC). In the IVC
environment, the CSMA/CA protocol is often used as a MAC protocol. However, the
hidden-terminal problem would degrade the performance of CSMA/CA. We evaluate MAC
protocols with respect to safety application and communication quality. The results of these
evaluations reveal three important points:
• The hidden terminal problem should be solved in an IVC environment.
• Good performance of communication systems does not always imply the performance
of safety applications.
• The proposed decentralized TDMA-based MAC protocol(7) is effective for the hidden
terminal problem.

TOYOTA Central R&D Labs., Inc.

Presented at the 15th World Congress on Intelligent Transport Systems, November 16-20, 2008, New York, New York

As Intelligent Transportation Systems (ITS) based on Dedicated Short Range Communication
(DSRC) continue to mature, it becomes increasingly important to establish the safety and
other latent benefits of features that are enabled by DSRC. The goal of the Crashless Zone
Pilot is to field test a number of ITS DSRC-based features and evaluate their effectiveness at
varying levels of fleet penetration. Standalone communicating devices can be employed to
enable vehicle to vehicle (V2V) as well as vehicle to infrastructure (V2I) communications
and driver warning systems. The naturalistic driving data that is collected as part of such an
experiment could be used to correlate quantifiable reductions in crashes and incidents directly
to penetration rates of V2V equipped vehicles coexisting with unequipped vehicles within a
controlled environment. Test participants would also receive immediate benefits in terms of
roadway information, driving comfort and convenience from the V2V and V2I features that
are deployed as part of the field test.

General Motors Research & Development Center

Presented at the 15th World Congress on Intelligent Transport Systems, November 16-20, 2008, New York, New York

The paper presents a preliminary result of the EU-funded project COOPERS (CO-OPerative
SystEms for Intelligent Road Safety). The paper introduces the business case for COOPERS
and provides an overview of the architecture of the COOPERS system, and of the
determination and implementation of its services. Especially the paper studies the
functionality and the implementation of the Automotive PC (APC) and the COOPERS
Service Centre (CSC). The APC is one of the main components of the COOPERS system,
which host the COOPERS services that are provided to the drivers of the COOPERS
demonstration vehicles. The CSC is a server system, which collects traffic related information
from various sources, aggregates the information, prepares COOPERS service messages and
sends these to connected client systems. In addition, the demonstration plan of the COOPERS
services in one of the test sites (Rotterdam-Antwerp corridor) is addressed in the paper.

ARS Traffic & Transport Technology, The Netherlands

Presented at the 15th World Congress on Intelligent Transport Systems, November 16-20, 2008, New York, New York