Safety

Observations of overtaking manoeuvres on bi-directional rural roads were carried out to
enhance the understanding of driver behaviour prior to, during and after an overtaking
manoeuvre. Data were collected to serve as a basis for developments towards overtaking
assistance systems. An instrumented vehicle was used to record overtaking manoeuvres: this
vehicle drove in actual traffic and several speeds were chosen that led to other vehicles
overtaking the instrumented vehicle. In total, 48 manoeuvres were recorded and analysed
afterwards. The duration of the overtaking manoeuvres was analysed in relation to the applied
overtaking strategy and the speed of the instrumented vehicle. Only limited variation in the
overtaking duration was found, from which it is concluded that a single type of overtaking
assistance system can serve most drivers. Fairly short perception-reaction times were
observed, indicating that the decision to perform an overtaking manoeuvre is made before an
appropriate gap in the oncoming traffic stream is available. Overtaking assistance can
therefore only be valuable if it is able to assist prior to the emergence of such a gap, otherwise
valuable time is lost.

Delft University of Technology

Presented at the 12th World Congress on Intelligent Transport Systems, November 6-10, 2005, San Francisco, California

In this study, the applicability of USN devices and technologies is investigated in preventing
traffic crashed at typical urban intersections. The proposed intersection crash prevention
system can display the crash warning messages  to drivers when crash-prone conditions are
detected through USN sensors installed along intersection approaches. The system can further
change the traffic signal settings in real-time, if necessary. The crash-prone conditions are
determined by analyzing simultaneously the car-following behavior of vehicles approaching
the intersection and the dilemma zone phenomenon.

Telematics & USN Research Division, ETRI.

Presented at the ITS America Annual Conference and Exposition, November 16-20, 2008, New York, New York

In order to realize  vehicular following control without longitudinal acceleration information, the paper presents a  TSM control algorithm with non-singular, time continuous and fast convergent characteristics. Aiming at TSM control theory itself,  a  non-singular fast terminal sliding function is proposed to improve convergent speed in larger range.  And control law is synthesized with a terminal attractor with state’s exponential factor to obtain time continuous control input. By analyzing the feature of minimum sensor car-following system, a two-state integrating model including vehicular and inter-vehicular longitudinal dynamics is built and subsequently  its  TSM controller is designed. Theoretical analysis and simulation experiments
indicate that this controller outputs a time-continuous throttle angle and  tracks the preceding vehicle smoothly. A driver desirable tracking precision can still be guaranteed when such uncertainties as parametric error of vehicle mass and preceding vehicle’s acceleration exist.

State Key Laboratory of Automotive Safety and Energy, Tsinghua University

Presented at the ITS America Annual Conference and Exposition,November 16-20, 2008, New York, New York

As a result of the significant increase of traffic accidents with the development of motorization, it has
now become an issue in each country to reduce the number of accidents and the number of fatal and
serious injuries. This paper, by analyzing the process leading to an accident, seeks to establish an
Innovative Safety Concept, combining an Active Safety System and a Passive Safety System, and to
address this issue.
To reduce accidents, carmakers are developing various ADAS (Advanced Driving Assist Systems),
and the market for them is now in its infancy. For instance, ACC (Adaptive Cruise Control) and
LKAS (Lane Keep Assist System) were introduced in Japan early in 2000, and more recently, the
“Collision Speed Reduction” braking system and LSF (Low Speed Following System) were
launched on the market. What we need to bear in mind, regarding the introduction of ADAS, is not
only the effectiveness of each system in reducing accidents, but also the concept of the operating
range of each system, in other words, the compatibility among the systems in their range of
operation. This paper gives the name “Safety Shield Concept” to the innovative safety concept
advocated by Nissan, and aims to introduce its basic concept and to introduce systems to put that
concept into practice.

Nissan Motor CO.,LTD. ,

Presented at the 15th World Congress on Intelligent Transport Systems, November 16-20, 2008, New York, New York

PReVAL is a subproject of the PReVENT Integrated Project, in which different preventive
safety applications have been developed and demonstrated. The major aims of the PReVAL
project are to assess the safety potential of functions developed and demonstrated in the
PReVENT integrated project and to develop a harmonized framework for the assessment of
preventive safety applications and advanced driver assistance functions. The framework
builds on the experiences gained in the PReVENT project and other related projects. The
framework integrates different procedures for technical and human factors evaluation and
safety impacts assessment in one holistic approach. This paper discusses the human factors
evaluation aspects of the framework in more detail.

Volvo Technology

University Hannover

Volvo Cars

VTT

Presented at the 15th World Congress on Intelligent Transport Systems, November 16-20, 2008, New York, New York