Safety

Conventional Cruise Control (CCC) systems are present on most production vehicles today that simply hold a vehicle at a preset speed. This relieves the driver of this task, making the overall driving task easier, more enjoyable and less fatiguing. However, CCC systems are only useful for holding steady speeds and when the appropriate vehicle speed is not influenced by the actions of other vehicles. Adaptive Cruise Control (ACC) normally acts like a CCC, but has sensors that detect the range and relative speed of a vehicle ahead, matching speed with that vehiclewhen necessary.  Generally the places where CCC and ACC do not work are the most challenging and dangerous driving situations where drivers have several tasks to manage at the same time. This is both unpleasant for the driver and dangerous. Cooperative Adaptive Cruise Control (CACC) systems address this limitation by using vehicle computers and digital vehicle-to-vehicle (V2V) communication to hold a vehicle speed determined through a cooperative process between a vehicle and its neighbors.  
Experimental CACC systems have been simulated and implemented for automated highways for the support of platoons. This report discusses a CACC implemented as an emulator and installed as a user defined driver model in the traffic micro-simulation code VISSIM. The CACC emulator is designed to take over vehicle speed control when the vehicle enters a critical zone, which in this case is either a weave or a merge zone. VISSIM simulates a roadway with traffic and measures mobility and traffic density through the critical zone. Mobility of vehicles under  control of the CACC emulator is compared with the mobility of vehicles under the control of VISSIM's driver model to demonstrate the effect of the CACC emulator on mobility. VISSIM is also used to record headway time through the critical zone as a measure of safety and following stability.

Ford Motor Company

Presented at the ITS America Annual Conference and Exposition, April 26 - 28, 2004 San Antonio, Texas

In 2008, Raytheon Company created a partnership with Toyota Motor Engineering and
Manufacturing North America, Inc. (TEMA) to develop the Cooperative Pedestrian Warning
System (CPWS) vehicle safety application. This system detects pedestrians via passive sensors,
maps their current and future predicted locations to an interface grid based on a GPS reference
plane, and sends the location probability information to nearby vehicles. Once a likely pedestrian
collision is detected, a warning is presented to both the vehicle driver and the endangered
pedestrian. The CPWS system is designed with a video analytics-based front feeding Raytheon’s
patent-pending Pedestrian Prediction Logic (PPL) which reports to the GPS reference plane. The
CPWS uses a Dedicated Short Range Communication (DSRC) based 5.9 GHz wireless
infrastructure-to-vehicle (I2V) link for communication between the roadside and vehicle radios,
leveraging technology from the Vehicle Infrastructure Integration (VII) initiative. CPWS was
successfully demonstrated at the 2008 World Congress on ITS in New York City.

Raytheon Company

Paper submitted for publication and presentation at the ITS America’s 2009 Annual Meeting and Exposition

The paper presents a preliminary result of the EU-funded project COOPERS (CO-OPerative
SystEms for Intelligent Road Safety). The paper introduces the business case for COOPERS
and provides an overview of the architecture of the COOPERS system, and of the
determination and implementation of its services. Especially the paper studies the
functionality and the implementation of the Automotive PC (APC) and the COOPERS
Service Centre (CSC). The APC is one of the main components of the COOPERS system,
which host the COOPERS services that are provided to the drivers of the COOPERS
demonstration vehicles. The CSC is a server system, which collects traffic related information
from various sources, aggregates the information, prepares COOPERS service messages and
sends these to connected client systems. In addition, the demonstration plan of the COOPERS
services in one of the test sites (Rotterdam-Antwerp corridor) is addressed in the paper.

ARS Traffic & Transport Technology, The Netherlands

Presented at the 15th World Congress on Intelligent Transport Systems, November 16-20, 2008, New York, New York

Josh Peterman, P.E. - DKS Associates

Rafat Raie, P.E. - City of Walnut Creek, CA

Garland Wong, P.E. - City of Concord, CA

Submitted for presentation at ITSA 2004