Commercial Operations

Since existing ticketing and fare collection (TFC) systems are major elements of public
transit infrastructure and there are several new TFC technologies available on the market,
the need to evaluate the performance of existing TFC systems arises. Although the
subject of transit evaluation has been receiving increased attention from researchers and
practitioners in the recent years, little research has been done, so far, to assess the impacts
of TFC technologies in public transit.
In this paper, the authors continue the discussion of the TFC system evaluation
framework and plan developed by Collura and Plotnikov (2001) and address the issues
of: (a) TFC system alternatives available on the market in the U.S. and (b) TFC system
performance measures to compare alternative systems in terms of their operating costs.

Virginia Tech Transportation Institute

Presented at the ITS America Annual Conference and Exposition, April 29-May 2, 2002, Long Beach, California

The purpose of this demonstration project is to test the concept of using cellular
wireless technology to monitor and control traffic signal systems instead of
hardwired communications lines. The specific wireless technology deployed is
called Cellular Digital Packet Data (CDPD), which provides wireless Internet
Protocol (IP) data communications between the traffic signal controllers and the
central computer through a cellular service provider.
The test bed for this project was chosen to be in the area of San Pedro,
California, where the Los Angeles Department of Transportation (LADOT) has no
hardwired interconnect. The location of this test bed is about 25 miles south of
the down town Traffic Management Center (TMC). The San Pedro area is ideal
for this specific test since it is so far from the central TMC.
A total of 36 intersections were chosen as part of this project. As of today, 26
intersections are on-line via CDPD.

Automotive Systems Group

Presented at the ITS America Annual Conference and Exposition, April 29-May 2, 2002, Long Beach, California

Icons are visual images used to symbolize an object, action, or concept. If properly
conceptualized and designed, they can provide a number of advantages over a text-only approach
to presenting drivers with in-vehicle messages. However, poorly designed icons can lead to
additional driver workload, driver confusion, and errors. Unfortunately, there are few sources of
human factors design guidelines that can be used with confidence during the icon development
process. Under contract to the Federal Highway Administration (FHWA), Battelle is providing
automotive and electronics designers with a set of human factors design guidelines for in-vehicle
display icons. The final guidelines are currently under development and will provide in-vehicle
information system (IVIS) developers with key information regarding the use and integration of
existing and new visual icons. In addition to the hardcopy human factors design guidelines,
FHWA asked the Battelle team to develop an interactive design tool for presenting individual
candidate icons in a manner that also provides evaluative information about the icons. This
design tool, called Icon IDEA (Icon Interactive Development and Evaluation Assistant) provides
icon designers with the following basic functions: (1) a searchable database of over 400
candidate icons, (2) access to evaluation ratings for each of the icons in the database, (3)
recommendations for further refining the icon designs, and (4) clear and simple design guidelines
for developing and evaluating all in-vehicle icons.

Battelle Human Factors Transportation Center

Federal Highway Administration

Presented at the ITS America Annual Conference and Exposition, April 29-May 2, 2002, Long Beach, California

This paper describes the state of deployment in Japan for Public Transportation Priority
Systems (PTPS). The Universal Traffic Management Society (UTMS) of Japan has
researched some new systems for traffic administrat ion using ITS technologies under
the guidance of Nat ional Police Agency (NPA) since 1993. PTPS is one of the research
subjects and an advanced system ut ilizing infrared beacons with a vehicle detect ing and
a communication funct ion between a vehicle and a road side module, based on the
priority signal control for buses introduced throughout Japan widely since the1970s.
This paper shows some brief major funct ions. Moreover, we made an experiment in
PTPS in cooperation with Hokkaido police headquarters and some bus service
companies in the 1995 fiscal year and achieved a good result, as reported in the Third
annual World Congress on ITS in 1996. Then, PTPS has been spreading and been
introduced into 17 in all the 47 prefectures at the end of the 2000 fiscal year, which is
bringing on a good effect.

UTMS Japan

OMRON Corporation

SUMITOMO ELECTRIC INDUSTRIES, LTD.

Presented at the ITS America Annual Conference and Exposition, April 29-May 2, 2002, Long Beach, California

CALYPSO is an interoperable electronic ticketing standard open to multi-application
environments. It was developed by a group of European partners from the cities of Brussels,
Constance, Lisbon, Paris and Venice.
CALYPSO provides the basis for a new service relationship with clients: facilitating access to
networks, customizing travel cards and complementary services, diversifying sales outlets, and
managing client databases.

RATP

Presented at the ITS America Annual Conference and Exposition, April 29-May 2, 2002, Long Beach, California